:root {
  --primary-color: #1a56db;
  --primary-light: #3b82f6;
  --primary-dark: #1e40af;
  --accent-color: #0ea5e9;
  --background-color: #f0f9ff;
  --text-color: #1e293b;
  --text-light: #64748b;
  --white: #ffffff;
  --gray-light: #f1f5f9;
  --gray: #e2e8f0;
  --gray-dark: #94a3b8;
  --shadow: 0 4px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  --transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

/* Base styles with better responsiveness */
html {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

*, *:before, *:after {
  box-sizing: inherit;
}

body {
  font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--text-color);
  background-color: var(--background-color);
  overflow-x: hidden;
  min-height: 100vh;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

main {
  flex: 1;
}

img {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

body.fade-in {
  animation: fadeIn 0.8s ease-in-out;
}

header {
  background-color: var(--white);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 100;
  width: 100%;
}

nav {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 1rem 5%;
  max-width: 1400px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.logo {
  font-size: 1.8rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-color);
  text-decoration: none;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-start;
}

.logo-subtitle {
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  color: var(--text-light);
  letter-spacing: normal;
  margin-top: -3px;
}

nav ul {
  display: flex;
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

li {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

a {
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--text-color);
  font-weight: 500;
  transition: var(--transition);
  position: relative;
}

a:hover {
  color: var(--primary-color);
}

.active {
  color: var(--primary-color);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.hero {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-color), var(--accent-color));
  color: var(--white);
  padding: 4rem 5%;
  text-align: center;
  position: relative;
}

.hero h1 {
  font-size: 2.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.hero p {
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  max-width: 700px;
  margin: 0 auto 2rem;
}

@keyframes fadeInDown {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(-20px);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}

@keyframes fadeInUp {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(20px);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}

main .page-content {
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 3rem 5%;
}

h2 {
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

section p {
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.btn {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0.8rem 1.8rem;
  background-color: var(--primary-color);
  color: var(--white);
  border-radius: 4px;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-align: center;
  transition: var(--transition);
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.btn:hover {
  background-color: var(--primary-dark);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

footer {
  background-color: var(--primary-dark);
  color: var(--white);
  padding: 3rem 0 1.5rem;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

footer::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  height: 4px;
  background: linear-gradient(to right, var(--primary-color), var(--accent-color));
  z-index: 2;
}

.footer-video-container {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
  z-index: 1;
  opacity: 1;
  transition: opacity 1s ease-in-out;
}

.video-active.footer-video-container {
  opacity: 1;
}

.footer-video {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  min-width: 100%;
  min-height: 100%;
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);
  object-fit: cover;
  opacity: 0.25;
  transition: opacity 0.5s ease-in-out;
  display: block;
  z-index: 0;
}

.footer-overlay {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  /* background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(18, 35, 77, 0.85), rgba(20, 42, 117, 0.9)); */
  z-index: 1;
}

.footer-container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));
  gap: 3rem;
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 5%;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 5;
}

.footer-col {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.footer-logo h3 {
  margin: 0 0 1rem 0;
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--white);
  text-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
}

.footer-logo p {
  margin: 0 0 1rem 0;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  opacity: 0.95;
  text-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
}

.footer-title {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  position: relative;
  padding-bottom: 0.8rem;
  text-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}

.footer-title::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  width: 40px;
  height: 2px;
  background-color: var(--accent-color);
}

.footer-links {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
}

.footer-links li {
  margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
}

.footer-links a {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  display: inline-block;
  text-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}

.footer-links a:hover {
  color: var(--white);
  transform: translateX(5px);
}

.contact-info {
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.contact-info p {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  text-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}

.contact-info i {
  margin-right: 10px;
  color: var(--accent-color);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  min-width: 20px;
  filter: drop-shadow(0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2));
}

.social-links {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.social-links a {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 36px;
  height: 36px;
  color: var(--white);
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  border-radius: 50%;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.social-links a:hover {
  background-color: var(--accent-color);
  color: var(--white);
  transform: translateY(-5px);
}

.footer-bottom {
  text-align: center;
  padding-top: 2rem;
  margin-top: 2rem;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  opacity: 0.8;
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  padding-left: 5%;
  padding-right: 5%;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 5;
  text-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .footer-container {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    text-align: center;
  }
  
  .footer-title::after {
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
  }
  
  .social-links {
    justify-content: center;
  }
  
  .contact-info p {
    justify-content: center;
  }
  
  .contact-info i {
    margin-right: 8px;
  }
  
  .footer-links a:hover {
    transform: translateX(0);
  }
  
  .footer-video {
    height: 100%;
    width: auto;
  }
}

/* No video support fallback */
.no-js .footer-video-container,
.no-video .footer-video-container {
  display: none;
}

.no-js footer,
.no-video footer {
  background: linear-gradient(to right, var(--primary-dark), #1a365d);
  position: relative;
}

.no-js footer::after,
.no-video footer::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background: url('../images/texture-bg.png') repeat;
  opacity: 0.05;
  z-index: 1;
}

.no-js .footer-container,
.no-video .footer-container,
.no-js .footer-bottom,
.no-video .footer-bottom {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

.menu-toggle {
  display: none;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: space-between;
  width: 30px;
  height: 21px;
  cursor: pointer;
  z-index: 101;
}

.menu-toggle span {
  display: block;
  height: 3px;
  width: 100%;
  background-color: var(--primary-color);
  border-radius: 3px;
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.menu-active span:nth-child(1) {
  transform: translateY(9px) rotate(45deg);
}

.menu-active span:nth-child(2) {
  opacity: 0;
}

.menu-active span:nth-child(3) {
  transform: translateY(-9px) rotate(-45deg);
}

@media (max-width: 992px) {
  .menu-toggle {
    display: flex;
  }

  nav {
    position: relative;
  }

  nav ul {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    right: -100%;
    width: 280px;
    height: 100vh;
    background-color: var(--white);
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    padding: 80px 30px 30px;
    transition: right 0.4s ease;
    box-shadow: -10px 0 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    z-index: 100;
    overflow-y: auto;
  }

  nav ul.menu-open {
    right: 0;
  }

  nav ul li {
    margin: 0 0 15px 0;
    width: 100%;
  }

  nav ul li a {
    display: block;
    padding: 10px 0;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .hero {
    padding: 3rem 5%;
  }

  .hero h1 {
    font-size: 2rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .hero h1 {
    font-size: 1.8rem;
  }

  .hero p {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }
}

.container {
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 5%;
}

.intro {
  padding: 4rem 0;
  background-color: var(--white);
}

.intro-cards {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));
  gap: 2rem;
  margin-top: 2rem;
}

.card {
  background-color: var(--white);
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 2rem;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  transition: var(--transition);
  border-top: 4px solid var(--primary-color);
}

.card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.card-icon {
  font-size: 2.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.card h3 {
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.featured-research {
  padding: 4rem 0;
  background-color: var(--gray-light);
}

.research-highlights {
  margin-top: 2rem;
}

.research-item {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  margin-bottom: 3rem;
  background-color: var(--white);
  border-radius: 8px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .research-item {
    flex-direction: row;
  }
}

.research-image {
  width: 100%;
  height: 250px;
  object-fit: cover;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .research-image {
    width: 40%;
    height: auto;
  }
}

.research-content {
  padding: 2rem;
}

.research-content h3 {
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.learn-more {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 1rem;
  color: var(--primary-color);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.learn-more:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.latest-news {
  padding: 4rem 0;
  background-color: var(--white);
}

.news-items {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));
  gap: 2rem;
  margin-top: 2rem;
}

.news-item {
  background-color: var(--gray-light);
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 2rem;
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.news-item:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.news-date {
  color: var(--primary-color);
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.join-us {
  padding: 4rem 0;
  background-color: var(--primary-light);
  color: var(--white);
  text-align: center;
}

.join-us h2 {
  color: var(--white);
}

.join-us .btn {
  background-color: var(--white);
  color: var(--primary-color);
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.join-us .btn:hover {
  background-color: var(--gray-light);
}

.section-title {
  text-align: center;
  margin-bottom: 3rem;
  position: relative;
}

.section-title h2 {
  display: inline-block;
  position: relative;
  padding-bottom: 10px;
}

.section-title::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: -10px;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  width: 80px;
  height: 3px;
  background: linear-gradient(to right, var(--primary-color), var(--accent-color));
}

/* Research page styles */
.research-area {
  margin-bottom: 3rem;
  background-color: var(--white);
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 2rem;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  transition: var(--transition);
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(30px);
}

.research-area-content {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 2rem;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .research-area-content {
    flex-direction: row;
  }
}

.research-area-image {
  flex: 1;
}

.research-area-image img {
  width: 100%;
  border-radius: 8px;
  height: auto;
}

.research-area-text {
  flex: 2;
}

.research-area-text ul {
  display: block;
  margin-left: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.research-area-text li {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  list-style-type: disc;
}

/* Publication page styles */
.publications-filter {
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.filter-btn {
  background-color: var(--gray-light);
  border: none;
  padding: 0.6rem 1.2rem;
  border-radius: 4px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: var(--transition);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.filter-btn:hover, .filter-btn.active {
  background-color: var(--primary-color);
  color: var(--white);
}

.publication-item {
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  background-color: var(--white);
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  transition: var(--transition);
  transform: translateY(30px);
  opacity: 0;
}

.publication-item.visible {
  transform: translateY(0);
  opacity: 1;
}

.publication-item h3 {
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.authors {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.journal {
  color: var(--text-light);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.publication-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.8rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.publication-links .btn {
  padding: 0.4rem 1rem;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

/* People page styles */
.team-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(250px, 1fr));
  gap: 2rem;
  margin-top: 2rem;
}

.team-member {
  background-color: var(--white);
  border-radius: 8px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  transition: var(--transition);
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(30px);
}

.team-member.visible {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.member-image {
  overflow: hidden;
  height: 250px;
}

.member-image img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.team-member:hover .member-image img {
  transform: scale(1.05);
}

.member-info {
  padding: 1.5rem;
}

.member-info h3 {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
}

.member-title {
  color: var(--primary-color);
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

/* Page animations */
.research-area.visible, 
.publication-item.visible, 
.team-member.visible {
  animation: fadeInUp 0.8s forwards;
}

@keyframes fadeIn {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
  }
}

/* Form styles */
.contact-form {
  display: none;
}

/* Contact page styles */
.contact-methods {
  display: none;
}

.contact-method {
  display: none;
}

.contact-method:hover {
  display: none;
}

.contact-icon {
  display: none;
}

.map-container {
  height: 400px;
  margin-bottom: 3rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.map-container iframe {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  border: 0;
}

/* Dark mode styles */
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root {
    --background-color: #0f172a;
    --text-color: #e2e8f0;
    --text-light: #94a3b8;
    --white: #1e293b;
    --gray-light: #334155;
    --gray: #475569;
    --shadow: 0 4px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
  }
  
  .card,
  .research-item,
  .news-item,
  .research-area,
  .publication-item,
  .team-member,
  .contact-form,
  .contact-method {
    background-color: #1e293b;
  }
  
  .news-item {
    background-color: #334155;
  }
  
  .logo {
    color: var(--primary-light);
  }
}

/* Make site more focused and reduce complexity */
body {
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.container {
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 5%;
}

.page-header {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 2rem 0 3rem;
}

.page-header h1 {
  font-size: 2.5rem;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.page-header p {
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  max-width: 700px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  color: var(--text-light);
}

/* Animation and transition improvements */
.btn, 
.team-member, 
.research-area, 
.publication-item, 
.filter-btn, 
.card,
.contact-method,
.news-item {
  transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}

.btn:hover, 
.team-member:hover, 
.publication-item:hover,
.contact-method:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

input, 
textarea, 
select, 
button {
  font-family: inherit;
}

/* Responsive improvements */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .container {
    padding: 0 1rem;
  }
  
  .highlight-grid, 
  .team-grid,
  .news-items,
  .publications-filter {
    gap: 1rem;
  }
  
  section {
    padding: 2rem 0;
  }
}

@media print {
  .menu-toggle,
  nav ul,
  .hero,
  .btn,
  footer {
    display: none;
  }
  
  body {
    background-color: white;
    color: black;
  }
  
  .profile,
  .research-area,
  .publication-item {
    break-inside: avoid;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  }
  
  a {
    color: black;
    text-decoration: none;
  }
  
  a::after {
    content: " (" attr(href) ")";
    font-size: 0.8em;
  }
}

/* New mobile menu improvements */
body.menu-is-open {
  overflow: hidden;
}

/* Smooth scrolling */
html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

/* Alumni Sections */
.alumni-section {
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.alumni-section h3 {
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray);
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.alumni-list {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(250px, 1fr));
  gap: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.alumni-item {
  background-color: var(--white);
  border-radius: 6px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  padding: 1.5rem;
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.alumni-item:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.alumni-item h4 {
  color: var(--primary-color);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
}

.alumni-item .position {
  color: var(--text-color);
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.alumni-item .current {
  color: var(--text-light);
  font-style: italic;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .alumni-list {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

/* Team Navigation */
.team-navigation {
  background-color: var(--white);
  padding: 1.5rem 0;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.quick-links {
  text-align: center;
}

.quick-links h3 {
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.nav-buttons {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.8rem;
}

.nav-btn {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0.5rem 1.2rem;
  background-color: var(--gray-light);
  border-radius: 30px;
  transition: var(--transition);
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.nav-btn:hover {
  background-color: var(--primary-color);
  color: var(--white);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* Category Filters */
.category-filter, .alumni-filter {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.8rem;
  margin: 1.5rem 0 2rem;
  justify-content: center;
}

.filter-btn {
  background-color: var(--gray-light);
  border: none;
  padding: 0.6rem 1.2rem;
  border-radius: 4px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: var(--transition);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.filter-btn:hover, .filter-btn.active {
  background-color: var(--primary-color);
  color: var(--white);
}

/* Team Member Cards */
.member-category {
  margin-bottom: 3rem;
  scroll-margin-top: 80px;
}

.member-card {
  background-color: var(--white);
  border-radius: 8px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  transition: var(--transition);
  height: 100%;
}

.member-card-inner {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  height: 100%;
}

.member-photo {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  height: 200px;
}

.member-photo img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  transition: transform 0.5s ease;
}

.member-card:hover .member-photo img {
  transform: scale(1.05);
}

.member-details {
  padding: 1.5rem;
  flex-grow: 1;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.member-details h4 {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  font-size: 1.2rem;
}

.member-details .position {
  color: var(--primary-color);
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
}

.member-details .research-focus {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  color: var(--text-color);
  flex-grow: 1;
}

.member-details .email a {
  color: var(--primary-color);
  font-weight: 500;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.member-details .email a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Alumni Sections and Filtering */
.alumni-section {
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  scroll-margin-top: 80px;
}

.alumni h3 {
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray);
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

/* Back to Top Button */
.back-to-top {
  position: fixed;
  bottom: 2rem;
  right: 2rem;
  z-index: 99;
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.back-to-top.visible {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
}

.btn-back-top {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 3rem;
  height: 3rem;
  background-color: var(--primary-color);
  color: var(--white);
  border-radius: 50%;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.btn-back-top:hover {
  background-color: var(--primary-dark);
  transform: translateY(-3px);
}

/* Responsive adjustments */
@media (max-width: 992px) {
  .nav-buttons {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
  }
  
  .nav-btn {
    width: 80%;
    max-width: 300px;
    text-align: center;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .member-photo {
    height: 180px;
  }
  
  .category-filter, .alumni-filter {
    flex-direction: row;
    overflow-x: auto;
    padding-bottom: 1rem;
    justify-content: flex-start;
  }
  
  .filter-btn {
    white-space: nowrap;
  }
}

/* Student Box Styles */
.student-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(300px, 1fr));
  gap: 1.5rem;
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.student-box {
  background-color: var(--white);
  border-radius: 8px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
  height: 100%;
  border-top: 4px solid var(--primary-color);
}

.student-box:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.student-content {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  height: 100%;
}

.student-photo {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  height: 220px;
}

.student-image {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  transition: transform 0.5s ease;
}

.student-box:hover .student-photo img {
  transform: scale(1.05);
}

.student-details {
  padding: 1.5rem;
  flex-grow: 1;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.student-details h4 {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  font-size: 1.2rem;
}

.student-details .position {
  color: var(--primary-color);
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
}

.student-details .education {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  color: var(--text-color);
  flex-grow: 1;
}

.student-details .email a {
  color: var(--primary-color);
  font-weight: 500;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.student-details .email a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Alumni List Styles */
.alumni-list-simple {
  list-style-type: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0 0 2rem 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.alumni-list-simple li {
  background-color: var(--white);
  padding: 0.8rem 1.2rem;
  border-radius: 6px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  transition: var(--transition);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.alumni-list-simple li:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  background-color: var(--gray-light);
}

.alumni-list-simple li strong {
  color: var(--primary-color);
  font-weight: 600;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .student-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(250px, 1fr));
    gap: 1rem;
  }
  
  .student-photo {
    height: 180px;
  }
  
  .alumni-list-simple {
    display: block;
  }
  
  .alumni-list-simple li {
    display: block;
  }
}

/* PI Box Styling */
.pi-box {
  background-color: var(--white);
  border-radius: 12px;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: transform 0.4s ease-out, box-shadow 0.4s ease;
  margin-bottom: 3rem;
  position: relative;
}

.pi-box:hover {
  transform: translateY(-8px);
  box-shadow: 0 15px 35px rgba(26, 86, 219, 0.15);
}

.pi-box::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  height: 5px;
  width: 100%;
  background: linear-gradient(to right, var(--primary-color), var(--accent-color));
  z-index: 1;
}

.pi-content {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
  padding: 0;
}

.pi-photo {
  flex: 0 0 400px;
  height: 480px;
  overflow: hidden;
  position: relative;
}

.pi-photo::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background: linear-gradient(to bottom, transparent 70%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1));
  pointer-events: none;
}

.pi-photo img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
  transition: transform 0.6s ease;
}

.pi-box:hover .pi-photo img {
  transform: scale(1.05);
}

.pi-details {
  flex: 1;
  padding: 2.5rem;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  position: relative;
}

.pi-details::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 3rem;
  width: 3px;
  height: 60%;
  background: linear-gradient(to bottom, var(--primary-color), var(--accent-color));
  opacity: 0;
  transform: scaleY(0.5);
  transition: opacity 0.4s ease, transform 0.4s ease;
}

.pi-box:hover .pi-details::before {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: scaleY(1);
}

.pi-details h3 {
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-top: 0;
  font-size: 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
  position: relative;
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.pi-box:hover .pi-details h3 {
  transform: translateX(10px);
}

.position {
  color: var(--primary-color);
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.pi-box:hover .position {
  transform: translateX(10px);
}

.education-history {
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.education-history p {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}

.education-history p:hover {
  transform: translateX(5px);
  color: var(--primary-color);
}

.contact-info {
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.pi-links {
  margin-top: auto;
}

.pi-links p {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.pi-links .profile-link {
  color: var(--primary-color);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 500;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  margin-right: 0.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  border-radius: 4px;
  border: 1px solid var(--gray);
  background-color: var(--gray-light);
}

.pi-links .profile-link:hover {
  color: white;
  background-color: var(--primary-color);
  box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(26, 86, 219, 0.2);
  border-color: var(--primary-color);
  transform: translateY(-3px);
}

/* Media query for smaller screens */
@media (max-width: 992px) {
  .pi-content {
    flex-direction: column;
  }
  
  .pi-photo {
    flex: 0 0 auto;
    height: 450px;
    max-width: 100%;
    margin: 0 auto;
  }
  
  .pi-details {
    padding: 2rem;
  }
  
  .pi-details::before {
    display: none;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .pi-content {
    flex-direction: column;
  }
  
  .pi-photo {
    height: 400px;
  }
  
  .pi-details {
    padding: 1.5rem;
  }
  
  .pi-details h3 {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
  }
  
  .student-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .pi-photo {
    height: 350px;
  }
  
  .pi-details {
    padding: 1.2rem;
  }
  
  .pi-details h3 {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
  }
  
  .position {
    font-size: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
  }
  
  .pi-details .education-history p,
  .pi-details .contact-info p {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  }
}

/* Team Banner Interactive Styles */
.team-banner {
  margin: 2rem 0 3rem;
  position: relative;
}

.team-image-container {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: 12px;
  box-shadow: 0 15px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
  transition: transform 0.4s ease, box-shadow 0.4s ease;
  max-width: 1000px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.team-image-container:hover {
  transform: translateY(-8px);
  box-shadow: 0 20px 40px rgba(26, 86, 219, 0.2);
}

.team-image {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
  transition: transform 0.6s ease;
}

.team-image-container:hover .team-image {
  transform: scale(1.03);
}

.team-image-caption {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(to top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 60%, transparent 100%);
  padding: 20px;
  transform: translateY(50%);
  opacity: 0;
  transition: transform 0.4s ease, opacity 0.4s ease;
}

.team-image-container:hover .team-image-caption {
  transform: translateY(0);
  opacity: 1;
}

.team-image-caption p {
  color: white;
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  text-align: center;
  text-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
}

/* News filter styles */
.news-filter-container {
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.news-filter {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  justify-content: center;
}

/* Filter button styles */
.filter-btn {
  background-color: var(--gray-light);
  border: none;
  padding: 0.6rem 1.2rem;
  border-radius: 4px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: var(--transition);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.filter-btn:hover, .filter-btn.active {
  background-color: var(--primary-color);
  color: var(--white);
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .news-filter {
    flex-direction: row;
    gap: 0.3rem;
  }
  
  .filter-btn {
    padding: 0.5rem 0.8rem;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
  }
}

@media (hover: none) {
  .pi-box:hover,
  .student-box:hover,
  .alumni-list-simple li:hover,
  .team-image-container:hover {
    transform: none;
  }
  
  .team-image-caption {
    transform: translateY(0);
    opacity: 1;
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
  }
  
  .nav-btn:active,
  .filter-btn:active {
    background-color: var(--primary-color);
    color: var(--white);
  }
}

/* Add styles for facilities page */
.search-facilities {
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

#facility-search {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--gray);
  border-radius: 4px;
  font-size: 1rem;
  transition: border-color 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
}

#facility-search:focus {
  outline: none;
  border-color: var(--primary-color);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(var(--primary-color), 0.2); /* Example focus style */
}

.facilities-grid {
  display: grid;
  gap: 1.5rem;
}

.facility-item {
  background-color: var(--white);
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  overflow: hidden; /* Needed for smooth transition */
  transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease, border-left-color 0.3s ease;
  border-left: 4px solid transparent; /* Add space for active border */
}

.facility-item:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 8px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); /* Enhance hover shadow */
}

/* Add a distinct border for the active item */
.facility-item.active-item {
    border-left: 4px solid var(--primary-color);
}

.facility-header {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 1.2rem 1.5rem;
  cursor: pointer;
  background-color: var(--gray-light);
  transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray);
}

/* Slightly different background for active header */
.facility-header.active {
    background-color: #e0e7ff; /* A light blue tint */
}

.facility-header:hover {
  background-color: #e9ecef; /* Slightly darker on hover */
}

.facility-header h2 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
}

.toggle-icon {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  color: var(--text-light);
  transition: transform 0.3s ease; /* Add transition for rotation */
}

/* Rotate icon when header is active */
.facility-header.active .toggle-icon {
  transform: rotate(180deg);
}

.facility-info {
  padding: 0 1.5rem; /* Add padding but keep vertical padding 0 initially */
  max-height: 0; /* Start collapsed */
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: max-height 0.5s ease-out, padding 0.5s ease-out; /* Smooth transition */
}

/* Style for active/expanded facility info */
.facility-info.active {
  padding: 1.5rem; /* Add vertical padding when active */
  max-height: 1000px; /* Set a large max-height for expansion */
  transition: max-height 0.5s ease-in, padding 0.5s ease-in; /* Adjust transition timing */
}

.facility-info ul {
  list-style: disc;
  margin-left: 1.5rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.facility-info li {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.facility-info h3 {
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
  color: var(--primary-color);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
}

/* Style for no results message */
.no-results {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 2rem;
  color: var(--text-light);
  font-style: italic;
}

/* Styles for Publication Page Enhancements */

#searchInput {
    width: 95%; /* Adjust width as needed */
    padding: 12px 15px;
    margin-bottom: 25px;
    border: 1px solid #ddd; /* Lighter border */
    border-radius: 5px;
    font-size: 1rem; /* Match body font size */
    box-sizing: border-box; /* Include padding and border in the element's total width and height */
}

#searchInput::placeholder {
    color: #999; /* Lighter placeholder text */
}

.year-toggle {
    cursor: pointer;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between; /* Pushes icon to the right */
    align-items: center;
    padding: 10px 0; /* Add some padding */
    border-bottom: 1px solid #eee; /* Optional separator */
    margin-bottom: 10px; /* Space below toggle */
}

.year-toggle:hover {
    color: #0056b3; /* Example hover color */
}

.toggle-icon {
    font-weight: bold;
    font-size: 1.2em; /* Make icon slightly larger */
    margin-left: 10px; /* Space between year and icon */
}

.publications-list {
    margin-left: 20px; /* Indent publication list slightly */
    overflow: hidden; /* Needed for smooth transitions if added later */
    /* transition: max-height 0.3s ease-out; */ /* Optional: Add transition for expand/collapse */
    /* max-height: 1000px; */ /* Set a large max-height for transition */
}

.publications-list[style*="display: none"] {
     /* max-height: 0; */ /* For transition effect */
     margin-bottom: 0; /* Collapse margin when hidden */
}

.publication-box {
    margin-bottom: 15px; /* Ensure spacing between publications */
    padding: 10px; /* Add padding inside the box */
    border: 1px solid #f0f0f0; /* Subtle border for each publication */
    border-radius: 4px;
    background-color: #fdfdfd; /* Slightly off-white background */
    color: #000; /* Set text color to black */
}

.year-section hr {
    margin-top: 20px;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

/* Style for the no results message (if you add it) */
#noResultsMessage {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 20px;
  color: #666;
  display: none; /* Hidden by default */
}

/* Page Header Video Background */
.page-header.with-video-bg {
  position: relative; /* Needed for absolute positioning of video/overlay */
  overflow: hidden; /* Hide video parts that extend beyond the container */
  color: #fff; /* Ensure text is white for contrast */
  padding-top: 6rem; /* Increase padding to make space for content */
  padding-bottom: 6rem;
}

.page-header .header-video-container {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  z-index: 0; /* Behind content */
}

.page-header .header-overlay {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); /* Semi-transparent black overlay */
  z-index: 1; /* Above video, below content */
}

.page-header .header-video {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover; /* Cover the area, potentially cropping */
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
  min-width: 100%; /* Ensure it covers width */
  min-height: 100%; /* Ensure it covers height */
}

.page-header .header-content {
  position: relative; /* Ensure content is above overlay */
  z-index: 2; /* Above overlay */
}

/* Adjust existing .page-header if needed when .with-video-bg is present */
.page-header.with-video-bg h1 {
   color: #fff; /* Ensure H1 is white */
   /* Add other styles like text-shadow if needed for readability */
   text-shadow: 1px 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.7);
}

/* Join Page Specific Styles */
.page-content {
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 40px auto;
  padding: 0 20px;
}

.join-content {
  background-color: #fff;
  padding: 30px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.join-content h3 {
  color: var(--primary-color);
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.join-options-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
  gap: 25px;
  margin: 30px 0;
  justify-content: space-evenly;
  align-items: stretch;
}

.join-option-card {
  /* background-color: #f9f9f9; */ /* Removed background */
  /* border: 1px solid #eee; */ /* Removed border */
  border-radius: 8px; /* Keep rounding */
  padding: 20px; /* Adjusted padding slightly */
  text-align: center;
  transition: background-color 0.3s ease; /* Transition background only */
  /* Removed transform and box-shadow transitions */
}

.join-option-card:hover {
  /* transform: translateY(-5px); */ /* Removed transform */
  /* box-shadow: 0 8px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); */ /* Removed shadow */
  background-color: var(--gray-light); /* Add subtle background on hover */
}

.join-option-card i {
  color: var(--primary-color);
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.join-option-card h3 {
  font-size: 1.2em;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.join-option-card p {
  font-size: 0.95em;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.join-option-card a {
  color: var(--primary-color);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: bold;
}

.join-option-card a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.application-note {
  margin-top: 40px;
  padding: 20px;
  background-color: #eef7ff; /* Light blue background */
  border-left: 5px solid var(--primary-color);
  border-radius: 4px;
}

.application-note h3 {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.contact-details {
  margin-top: 40px;
}

.contact-details h3 {
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  font-style: italic;
}

.map-container {
  margin-top: 20px;
  border: 1px solid #ddd;
  border-radius: 8px;
  overflow: hidden; /* Ensures the iframe corners are rounded */
}

.map-container iframe {
  display: block; /* Removes bottom space under iframe */
}

/* Responsive adjustments for join page */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .join-options-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr; /* Stack cards on smaller screens */
  }
}

/* Hero Section Video Background (similar to page-header) */
.hero.with-video-bg {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  color: #fff;
  padding-top: 6rem; /* Adjust padding as needed */
  padding-bottom: 6rem;
  background: none; /* Remove original background */
}

.hero .header-video-container {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  z-index: 0;
}

.hero .header-overlay {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); /* Adjust opacity as needed */
  z-index: 1;
}

.hero .header-video {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
  min-width: 100%;
  min-height: 100%;
}

.hero .header-content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

.hero.with-video-bg h1,
.hero.with-video-bg p {
   color: #fff; /* Ensure text is white */
   text-shadow: 1px 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.7); /* Add shadow for readability */
}

/* Add styles for the simplified news section */
.news-simple {
  /* Container for all news items */
}

.year-section {
  margin-bottom: 3rem; /* Space between year sections */
  border-left: 3px solid var(--primary-light); /* Add a subtle visual marker for the year */
  padding-left: 1.5rem;
}

.year-header {
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  font-size: 1.8rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  position: relative; /* For potential future decorations */
}

/* Style individual news items */
.news-item {
  padding: 1rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray); /* Separator line */
  transition: background-color 0.2s ease-in-out;
}

.news-item:last-child {
  border-bottom: none; /* No border for the last item in a section */
}

.news-item:hover {
  background-color: var(--gray-light); /* Subtle hover effect */
}

.news-date {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--text-light);
  margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.news-title {
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  color: var(--primary-color);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  margin-top: 0; /* Reset margin */
}

.news-description {
  margin-bottom: 0; /* Reset margin */
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

/* Ensure filter buttons have some spacing */
.news-filter-container {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.news-filter {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.5rem; /* Spacing between filter buttons */
}

.filter-btn {
    padding: 0.6rem 1.2rem; /* Adjust padding if needed */
    border: 1px solid var(--gray);
    background-color: var(--white);
    color: var(--text-color);
}

.filter-btn.active {
    background-color: var(--primary-color);
    color: var(--white);
    border-color: var(--primary-color);
}

.filter-btn:hover:not(.active) {
    background-color: var(--gray-light);
    border-color: var(--gray-dark);
}

/* Styles moved from index.html */
.hero-video {
  margin: 2rem auto;
  max-width: 100%;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  position: relative;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  border-radius: 8px;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.hero-video iframe {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 960px;
  aspect-ratio: 16/9;
  border-radius: 8px;
}

.lab-intro {
  padding: 3rem 0;
  background-color: #f8f9fa;
}

.lab-intro-content {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 2rem;
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 1.5rem;
}

.lab-intro h2 {
  font-size: 2.2rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  color: var(--primary-color);
  text-align: center;
  position: relative;
}

.lab-intro h2:after {
  content: '';
  display: block;
  width: 80px;
  height: 4px;
  background: linear-gradient(to right, var(--primary-color), var(--accent-color));
  margin: 0.8rem auto;
  border-radius: 2px;
}

.lab-intro p {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  line-height: 1.8;
  color: #444;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.lab-intro .highlight {
  color: var(--primary-color);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.research-focus-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(280px, 1fr));
  gap: 2rem;
  margin-top: 2rem;
}

.research-focus-item {
  background-color: white;
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}

.research-focus-item:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

.research-focus-item h3 {
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  color: var(--primary-color);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}

.research-focus-item i {
  color: var(--accent-color);
  font-size: 1.5rem;
}

.research-focus-item p {
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

/* New hero styles with video background and gradient overlay (from index.html) */
/* Note: The .hero selector was already defined earlier in this file. */
/* These rules will add to or override previous .hero rules */
.hero {
  position: relative;
  /* color: var(--white);  -- Removed, conflicting with previous definition? */
  padding: 6rem 5%; /* Override padding */
  text-align: center; /* Override text-align */
  overflow: hidden;
}

.hero-video-container {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
  z-index: 0;
}

.hero-video-background {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  min-width: 100%;
  min-height: 100%;
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);
  object-fit: cover;
  z-index: 0;
}

/* Gradient overlay was commented out in index.html, adding definition here if needed */
/* .hero-gradient-overlay {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); Adjust opacity as needed 
  z-index: 1;
} */


.hero-content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

.hero-content h1 {
  /* font-size: 2.5rem;  -- Removed, conflicting with previous definition? */
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  color: #333; /* Added to replace inline style, adjust if needed */
}

.hero-content p {
  /* font-size: 1.2rem; -- Removed, conflicting with previous definition? */
  max-width: 700px;
  margin: 0 auto 2.5rem;
  text-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  color: #555; /* Added to replace inline style, adjust if needed */
}

.hero-buttons {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

/* Responsive hero styles from index.html */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  /* Note: The .hero selector was already defined in a media query earlier in this file. */
  /* These rules will add to or override previous rules for .hero at this breakpoint */
  .hero {
    padding: 4rem 5%;
  }

  .hero-content h1 {
    font-size: 2rem;
  }

  .hero-content p {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
  }
}

/* Refined/Added Gallery Styles */
.image-gallery {
  padding-top: 2rem; /* Add some space above the gallery */
  padding-bottom: 3rem; /* Add space below */
}

.image-gallery h2 {
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.gallery-container {
  position: relative;
  max-width: 900px; /* Max width for the gallery */
  margin: 0 auto; /* Center the gallery */
  overflow: hidden; /* Hide parts of slides outside the container */
  border-radius: 8px; /* Optional rounded corners */
  box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); /* Subtle shadow */
}

.gallery-slides {
  display: flex; /* Arrange slides horizontally */
  transition: transform 0.5s ease-in-out; /* Smooth slide transition */
  width: 100%; /* Ensure it takes container width */
}

.gallery-slide {
  min-width: 100%; /* Each slide takes full container width */
  box-sizing: border-box;
  opacity: 0; /* Start non-active slides as hidden */
  transition: opacity 0.6s ease-in-out; /* Smooth fade transition */
  position: absolute; /* Allow absolute positioning for fade effect */
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  visibility: hidden; /* Hide non-active slides from accessibility tree */
}

.gallery-slide.active {
  opacity: 1; /* Make active slide visible */
  position: relative; /* Bring active slide back into flow */
  visibility: visible;
}

.gallery-slide img {
  display: block; /* Remove extra space below image */
  width: 100%; /* Make image fill the slide container */
  height: auto; /* Maintain aspect ratio */
  max-height: 600px; /* Limit max height for large screens */
  object-fit: cover; /* Cover the area, potentially cropping */
}



/* Gallery Controls */
.gallery-control {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
  color: var(--white);
  border: none;
  padding: 0.8rem;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
  z-index: 10;
  border-radius: 50%; /* Make buttons circular */
  line-height: 1; /* Align icon better */
  width: 40px; /* Fixed width */
  height: 40px; /* Fixed height */
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.gallery-control:hover {
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
}

.gallery-control.prev {
  left: 1rem;
}

.gallery-control.next {
  right: 1rem;
}

.gallery-playback-controls {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 1rem;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  z-index: 10;
}

.gallery-control.pause-play {
  /* Inherits base styles from .gallery-control */
  position: static; /* Override absolute positioning */
  transform: none; /* Override transform */
}

.gallery-control i {
  font-size: 1rem; /* Adjust icon size if needed */
}


/* Responsive adjustments for controls */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .gallery-control {
    padding: 0.6rem;
    width: 35px;
    height: 35px;
  }
  .gallery-control.prev {
    left: 0.5rem;
  }
  .gallery-control.next {
    right: 0.5rem;
  }
  .gallery-playback-controls {
    bottom: 0.5rem;
  }
  .gallery-slide img {
    max-height: 450px; /* Adjust max height for smaller screens */
  }
}

/* News Timeline Styles */
.timeline {
  position: relative;
  max-width: 900px; /* Adjust as needed */
  margin: 3rem auto;
  padding: 2rem 0;
}

.timeline::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 140px; /* Position the line */
  width: 4px;
  background-color: var(--gray);
  border-radius: 2px;
}

.timeline-item {
  position: relative;
  margin-bottom: 40px;
  padding-left: 180px; /* Space for date and icon */
  clear: both; /* Ensure items don't overlap incorrectly */
}

.timeline-item::after { /* Clear floats */
  content: "";
  display: table;
  clear: both;
}

.timeline-date {
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 5px; /* Adjust vertical alignment */
  width: 100px; /* Width of the date area */
  text-align: right;
  color: var(--text-light);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  padding-right: 20px; /* Space between date and line */
}

.timeline-icon {
  position: absolute;
  left: 125px; /* Center icon on the line */
  top: 5px; /* Align with date */
  width: 30px;
  height: 30px;
  background-color: var(--primary-color); 
  color: var(--white);
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  z-index: 1;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  border: 3px solid var(--background-color);
}

.timeline-content {
  background-color: var(--white);
  padding: 20px 25px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  position: relative;
  transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}

.timeline-content:hover {
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow: 0 5px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

.timeline-content h3.news-title {
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
}

.timeline-content p.news-description {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: var(--text-color);
  line-height: 1.5;
}

/* Responsive adjustments for timeline */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .timeline::before {
    left: 30px; /* Move line closer to edge */
  }

  .timeline-item {
    padding-left: 70px; /* Adjust padding for content */
  }

  .timeline-date {
    position: relative; /* Stack date above content */
    left: auto;
    width: auto;
    text-align: left;
    padding-right: 0;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    top: auto;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
  }

  .timeline-icon {
    left: 15px; /* Position icon on the line */
  }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    .timeline-content {
        padding: 15px 20px;
    }
    .timeline-content h3.news-title {
      font-size: 1rem;
    }
    .timeline-content p.news-description {
      font-size: 0.9rem;
    }
}

/* Research Page Specific Styles */
/* =============================== */

.toc {
  background-color: #f8f9fa;
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 20px;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.toc h3 {
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  font-size: 1.3em;
}

.toc-links {
  list-style-type: none;
  padding-left: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px;
}

.toc-links li {
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.toc-links a {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 8px 15px;
  background-color: #eef2f7;
  border-radius: 20px;
  color: #333;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  font-size: 0.95em;
}

.toc-links a:hover {
  background-color: #007bff;
  color: white;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.research-area {
  margin-bottom: 40px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 3px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.research-area:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}

.research-area-header {
  padding: 20px;
  cursor: pointer;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f8f9fa 0%, #e9ecef 100%);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
}

.research-area-header h2 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 1.5em;
  color: #343a40;
}

.research-area-content {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  padding: 0;
  max-height: 2000px; /* Ensure content is visible initially */
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: max-height 0.5s ease;
}

.research-area.collapsed .research-area-content {
  max-height: 0;
}

.research-area-image {
  width: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.research-area-image img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
  transition: transform 0.5s ease;
}

.research-area:hover .research-area-image img {
  transform: scale(1.05);
}

.research-area-text {
  padding: 25px;
  background-color: white;
}

.research-area-text p {
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  font-size: 1.05em;
}

.research-area-text ul {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  padding-left: 20px;
}

.research-area-text ul li {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.research-icons {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 15px;
  margin-top: 20px;
}

.research-icon {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  background-color: #f8f9fa;
  padding: 12px 15px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 100px;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.research-icon:hover {
  background-color: #e9ecef;
  transform: translateY(-3px);
}

.research-icon i {
  font-size: 1.8em;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  color: #007bff;
}

.collaborator-section {
  background-color: #f9f9f9;
  padding: 40px 20px;
  margin-top: 50px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 3px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
}

.collaborator-logos {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 30px;
}

.collaborator-item {
  text-align: center;
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.collaborator-item:hover {
  transform: scale(1.05);
}

.collaborator-item img {
  height: 80px;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  filter: grayscale(50%);
  transition: filter 0.3s ease;
}

.collaborator-item:hover img {
  filter: grayscale(0%);
}

.research-filter {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px;
  margin: 30px 0;
  justify-content: center;
}

.filter-btn {
  background-color: #f8f9fa;
  border: none;
  padding: 10px 20px;
  border-radius: 30px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  font-size: 0.95em;
  color: #495057;
}

.filter-btn:hover {
  background-color: #e9ecef;
}

.filter-btn.active {
  background-color: #007bff;
  color: white;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .research-area-content {
    flex-direction: row;
  }
  
  .research-area-image {
    width: 40%;
    height: auto; /* Ensure auto height applies here too */
  }
  
  .research-area-text {
    width: 60%;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
  /* No specific style needed for .research-area-image here anymore */
  
  .research-filter {
    justify-content: flex-start;
    overflow-x: auto;
    padding-bottom: 10px;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; /* For smoother scrolling on iOS */
    white-space: nowrap; /* Prevent wrapping */
  }
  
  .filter-btn {
    flex: 0 0 auto;
  }
}